mud/mud.c

#include "mud.h"

#ifdef __APPLE__
#define __APPLE_USE_RFC_3542
#endif

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <ifaddrs.h>

#include <sodium.h>

#define MUD_ASSERT(X) (void)sizeof(char[(X)?1:-1])

#define MUD_PACKET_MASK    (0x3FF)
#define MUD_PACKET_COUNT   (MUD_PACKET_MASK+1)
#define MUD_PACKET_NEXT(X) (((X)+1)&MUD_PACKET_MASK)

struct path_info {
    uint64_t dt;
    uint64_t time;
    uint64_t send_time;
    uint64_t count;
};

struct path {
    int up;
    unsigned index;
    struct sockaddr_storage addr;
    struct {
        unsigned char data[256];
        size_t size;
    } ctrl;
    uint64_t dt;
    uint64_t rdt;
    uint64_t rtt;
    int64_t  sdt;
    uint64_t limit;
    uint64_t pong_time;
    struct path_info recv;
    struct path_info send;
    struct path *next;
};

struct sock {
    unsigned index;
    char name[IF_NAMESIZE];
    struct sock *next;
};

struct packet {
    size_t size;
    unsigned char data[1500];
};

struct queue {
    struct packet *packet;
    unsigned start;
    unsigned end;
};

struct crypto {
    crypto_aead_aes256gcm_state key;
};

struct mud {
    int fd;
    uint64_t base;
    struct queue tx;
    struct queue rx;
    struct sock *sock;
    struct path *path;
    struct crypto crypto;
};

static
void mud_write48 (unsigned char *dst, uint64_t src)
{
    dst[0] = (unsigned char)(UINT64_C(255)&(src));
    dst[1] = (unsigned char)(UINT64_C(255)&(src>>8));
    dst[2] = (unsigned char)(UINT64_C(255)&(src>>16));
    dst[3] = (unsigned char)(UINT64_C(255)&(src>>24));
    dst[4] = (unsigned char)(UINT64_C(255)&(src>>32));
    dst[5] = (unsigned char)(UINT64_C(255)&(src>>40));
}

static
uint64_t mud_read48 (const unsigned char *src)
{
    return ((uint64_t)src[0])
         | ((uint64_t)src[1]<<8)
         | ((uint64_t)src[2]<<16)
         | ((uint64_t)src[3]<<24)
         | ((uint64_t)src[4]<<32)
         | ((uint64_t)src[5]<<40);
}

static
uint64_t mud_now (struct mud *mud)
{
    struct timeval now;
    gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
    return (now.tv_sec*UINT64_C(1000000)+now.tv_usec)-mud->base;
}

static
void mud_unmapv4 (struct sockaddr *addr)
{
    if (addr->sa_family != AF_INET6)
        return;

    struct sockaddr_in6 *sin6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)addr;

    if (!IN6_IS_ADDR_V4MAPPED(&sin6->sin6_addr))
        return;

    struct sockaddr_in sin = {
        .sin_family = AF_INET,
        .sin_port = sin6->sin6_port,
    };

    memcpy(&sin.sin_addr.s_addr,
           &sin6->sin6_addr.s6_addr[12],
           sizeof(sin.sin_addr.s_addr));

    memcpy(addr, &sin, sizeof(sin));
}

static
ssize_t mud_send_path (struct mud *mud, struct path *path, uint64_t now, void *data, size_t size)
{
    if (!size)
        return 0;

    struct iovec iov = {
        .iov_base = data,
        .iov_len = size,
    };

    struct msghdr msg = {
        .msg_name = &path->addr,
        .msg_namelen = sizeof(path->addr),
        .msg_iov = &iov,
        .msg_iovlen = 1,
        .msg_control = path->ctrl.data,
        .msg_controllen = path->ctrl.size,
    };

    ssize_t ret = sendmsg(mud->fd, &msg, 0);

    if (ret > 0) {
        path->send.time = now;
    } else if ((ret == -1) &&
               (errno != EAGAIN) &&
               (errno != EINTR)) {
        path->up = 0;
    }

    return ret;
}

static
int mud_set_nonblock (int fd)
{
    int flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);

    if (flags == -1)
        flags = 0;

    return fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags|O_NONBLOCK);
}

static
int mud_sso_int (int fd, int level, int optname, int opt)
{
    return setsockopt(fd, level, optname, &opt, sizeof(opt));
}

static
struct addrinfo *mud_addrinfo (const char *host, const char *port, int flags)
{
    struct addrinfo *ai = NULL, hints = {
        .ai_family = AF_UNSPEC,
        .ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM,
        .ai_protocol = IPPROTO_UDP,
        .ai_flags = flags,
    };

    switch (getaddrinfo(host, port, &hints, &ai)) {
    case 0:
        return ai;
    case EAI_SYSTEM:
        break;
    case EAI_FAIL:
    case EAI_AGAIN:
        errno = EAGAIN;
        break;
    case EAI_MEMORY:
        errno = ENOMEM;
        break;
    default:
        errno = EINVAL;
        break;
    }

    return NULL;
}

static
int mud_cmp_addr (struct sockaddr *a, struct sockaddr *b)
{
    if (a->sa_family != b->sa_family)
        return 1;

    if (a->sa_family == AF_INET) {
        struct sockaddr_in *_a = (struct sockaddr_in *)a;
        struct sockaddr_in *_b = (struct sockaddr_in *)b;

        return ((_a->sin_port != _b->sin_port) ||
                (memcmp(&_a->sin_addr.s_addr, &_b->sin_addr.s_addr,
                        sizeof(_a->sin_addr.s_addr))));
    }

    if (a->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
        struct sockaddr_in6 *_a = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)a;
        struct sockaddr_in6 *_b = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)b;

        return ((_a->sin6_port != _b->sin6_port) ||
                (memcmp(&_a->sin6_addr.s6_addr, &_b->sin6_addr.s6_addr,
                        sizeof(_a->sin6_addr.s6_addr))));
    }

    return 1;
}

static
struct sock *mud_get_sock (struct mud *mud, unsigned index)
{
    struct sock *sock;

    for (sock = mud->sock; sock; sock = sock->next) {
        if (sock->index == index)
            break;
    }

    return sock;
}

static
struct path *mud_get_path (struct mud *mud, int index, struct sockaddr *addr)
{
    struct path *path;

    for (path = mud->path; path; path = path->next) {
        if ((path->index == index) &&
            (!mud_cmp_addr(addr, (struct sockaddr *)&path->addr)))
            break;
    }

    return path;
}

static
void mud_set_path (struct path *path, unsigned index,
                   struct sockaddr *addr, struct sockaddr *ifa_addr)
{
    struct msghdr msg = {
        .msg_control = path->ctrl.data,
        .msg_controllen = sizeof(path->ctrl.data),
    };

    struct cmsghdr *cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);

    if (addr->sa_family == AF_INET) {
        MUD_ASSERT(sizeof(index)==sizeof(((struct in_pktinfo *)0)->ipi_ifindex));

        path->index = index;
        memcpy(&path->addr, addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));

        cmsg->cmsg_level = IPPROTO_IP;
        cmsg->cmsg_type = IP_PKTINFO;
        cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct in_pktinfo));

        memcpy(&((struct in_pktinfo *)CMSG_DATA(cmsg))->ipi_ifindex,
               &index, sizeof(index));

        memcpy(&((struct in_pktinfo *)CMSG_DATA(cmsg))->ipi_spec_dst,
               &((struct sockaddr_in *)ifa_addr)->sin_addr.s_addr,
               sizeof(struct in_addr));

        path->ctrl.size = CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct in_pktinfo));
    }

    if (addr->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
        MUD_ASSERT(sizeof(index)==sizeof(((struct in6_pktinfo *)0)->ipi6_ifindex));

        path->index = index;
        memcpy(&path->addr, addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6));

        cmsg->cmsg_level = IPPROTO_IPV6;
        cmsg->cmsg_type = IPV6_PKTINFO;
        cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo));

        memcpy(&((struct in6_pktinfo *)CMSG_DATA(cmsg))->ipi6_ifindex,
               &index, sizeof(index));

        memcpy(&((struct in6_pktinfo *)CMSG_DATA(cmsg))->ipi6_addr,
               &((struct sockaddr_in6 *)ifa_addr)->sin6_addr.s6_addr,
               sizeof(struct in6_addr));

        path->ctrl.size = CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo));
    }
}

static
struct path *mud_new_path (struct mud *mud, unsigned index, struct sockaddr *addr)
{
    struct path *path = mud_get_path(mud, index, addr);

    if (path)
        return path;

    struct sock *sock = mud_get_sock(mud, index);

    if (!sock)
        return NULL;

    path = calloc(1, sizeof(struct path));

    if (!path)
        return NULL;

    struct ifaddrs *ifaddrs;

    if (getifaddrs(&ifaddrs) == -1) {
        free(path);
        return NULL;
    }

    for (struct ifaddrs *ifa = ifaddrs; ifa; ifa = ifa->ifa_next) {
        struct sockaddr *ifa_addr = ifa->ifa_addr;

        if (!ifa_addr)
            continue;

        if (ifa_addr->sa_family != addr->sa_family)
            continue;

        if (strncmp(sock->name, ifa->ifa_name, sizeof(sock->name)))
            continue;

        mud_set_path(path, index, addr, ifa_addr);
        break;
    }

    freeifaddrs(ifaddrs);

    if (!path->index) {
        free(path);
        return NULL;
    }

    path->next = mud->path;
    mud->path = path;

    return path;
}

int mud_peer (struct mud *mud, const char *host, const char *port)
{
    if (!host || !port)
        return -1;

    struct addrinfo *p, *ai = mud_addrinfo(host, port, AI_NUMERICSERV);

    if (!ai)
        return -1;

    for (p = ai; p; p = p->ai_next) {
        struct sock *sock;
        struct sockaddr_storage addr;

        if (!p->ai_addr)
            continue;

        memcpy(&addr, p->ai_addr, p->ai_addrlen);

        for (sock = mud->sock; sock; sock = sock->next)
            mud_new_path(mud, sock->index, (struct sockaddr *)&addr);
    }

    freeaddrinfo(ai);

    return 0;
}

int mud_bind (struct mud *mud, const char *name)
{
    if (!name)
        return -1;

    const size_t len = strlen(name);

    if (len >= IF_NAMESIZE)
        return -1;

    unsigned index = if_nametoindex(name);

    if (!index)
        return -1;

    struct sock *sock = mud_get_sock(mud, index);

    if (sock)
        return 0;

    sock = calloc(1, sizeof(struct sock));

    if (!sock)
        return -1;

    memcpy(&sock->name, name, len+1);
    sock->index = index;
    sock->next = mud->sock;
    mud->sock = sock;

    struct path *path;

    for (path = mud->path; path; path = path->next)
        mud_new_path(mud, index, (struct sockaddr *)&path->addr);

    return 0;
}

int mud_set_key (struct mud *mud, unsigned char *key, size_t size)
{
    if (size != crypto_aead_aes256gcm_KEYBYTES) {
        errno = EINVAL;
        return -1;
    }

    crypto_aead_aes256gcm_beforenm(&mud->crypto.key, key);

    return 0;
}

static
int mud_setup_socket (int fd)
{
    if (mud_sso_int(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, 1) ||
        mud_sso_int(fd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_PKTINFO, 1) ||
        mud_sso_int(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPKTINFO, 1) ||
        mud_sso_int(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_V6ONLY, 0) ||
        mud_set_nonblock(fd))
        return -1;

    mud_sso_int(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, 1<<24);
    mud_sso_int(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, 1<<24);

    return 0;
}

static
int mud_create_socket (const char *port)
{
    struct addrinfo *p, *ai = mud_addrinfo(NULL, port, AI_PASSIVE|AI_NUMERICSERV);

    if (!ai)
        return -1;

    int fd = -1;

    for (p = ai; p; p = p->ai_next) {
        if (p->ai_family != AF_INET6)
            continue;

        if (!p->ai_addr)
            continue;

        fd = socket(p->ai_family, p->ai_socktype, p->ai_protocol);

        if (fd == -1)
            continue;

        if (mud_setup_socket(fd) ||
            bind(fd, p->ai_addr, p->ai_addrlen)) {
            close(fd);
            fd = -1;
            continue;
        }

        break;
    }

    freeaddrinfo(ai);

    return fd;
}

static
int mud_create_queue (struct queue *queue)
{
    queue->packet = calloc(MUD_PACKET_COUNT, sizeof(struct packet));

    if (!queue->packet)
        return -1;

    return 0;
}

struct mud *mud_create (const char *port)
{
    struct mud *mud = calloc(1, sizeof(struct mud));

    if (!mud)
        return NULL;

    mud->fd = mud_create_socket(port);

    if (mud->fd == -1) {
        mud_delete(mud);
        return NULL;
    }

    if (mud_create_queue(&mud->tx) ||
        mud_create_queue(&mud->rx)) {
        mud_delete(mud);
        return NULL;
    }

    mud->base = mud_now(mud);

    return mud;
}

int mud_get_fd (struct mud *mud)
{
    return mud->fd;
}

void mud_delete (struct mud *mud)
{
    if (!mud)
        return;

    free(mud->tx.packet);
    free(mud->rx.packet);

    while (mud->sock) {
        struct sock *sock = mud->sock;
        mud->sock = sock->next;
        free(sock);
    }

    while (mud->path) {
        struct path *path = mud->path;
        mud->path = path->next;
        free(path);
    }

    if (mud->fd != -1) {
        int err = errno;
        close(mud->fd);
        errno = err;
    }

    free(mud);
}

static
int mud_encrypt (struct mud *mud, uint64_t nonce,
                 unsigned char *dst, size_t dst_size,
                 const unsigned char *src, size_t src_size,
                 size_t ad_size)
{
    if (ad_size > src_size)
        ad_size = src_size;

    size_t size = src_size+6+crypto_aead_aes256gcm_ABYTES;

    if (size > dst_size)
        return 0;

    unsigned char npub[crypto_aead_aes256gcm_NPUBBYTES] = {0};

    mud_write48(npub, nonce);
    memcpy(dst, npub, 6);

    if (src)
        memcpy(dst+6, src, ad_size);

    crypto_aead_aes256gcm_encrypt_afternm(
            dst+ad_size+6, NULL,
            src+ad_size, src_size-ad_size,
            dst, ad_size+6,
            NULL,
            npub,
            (const crypto_aead_aes256gcm_state *)&mud->crypto.key);

    return size;
}

static
int mud_decrypt (struct mud *mud, uint64_t *nonce,
                 unsigned char *dst, size_t dst_size,
                 const unsigned char *src, size_t src_size,
                 size_t ad_size)
{
    size_t size = src_size-6-crypto_aead_aes256gcm_ABYTES;

    if (ad_size > size)
        ad_size = size;

    if (size > dst_size)
        return 0;

    unsigned char npub[crypto_aead_aes256gcm_NPUBBYTES] = {0};

    memcpy(npub, src, 6);
    memcpy(dst, src+6, ad_size);

    if (crypto_aead_aes256gcm_decrypt_afternm(
            dst+ad_size, NULL,
            NULL,
            src+ad_size+6, src_size-ad_size-6,
            src, ad_size+6,
            npub,
            (const crypto_aead_aes256gcm_state *)&mud->crypto.key))
        return -1;

    if (nonce)
        *nonce = mud_read48(src);

    return size;
}

int mud_pull (struct mud *mud)
{
    unsigned char ctrl[1024];

    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
        unsigned next = MUD_PACKET_NEXT(mud->rx.end);

        if (mud->rx.start == next) {
            errno = ENOBUFS;
            return -1;
        }

        struct packet *packet = &mud->rx.packet[mud->rx.end];

        struct sockaddr_storage addr;

        struct iovec iov = {
            .iov_base = &packet->data,
            .iov_len = sizeof(packet->data),
        };

        struct msghdr msg = {
            .msg_name = &addr,
            .msg_namelen = sizeof(addr),
            .msg_iov = &iov,
            .msg_iovlen = 1,
            .msg_control = ctrl,
            .msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl),
        };

        ssize_t ret = recvmsg(mud->fd, &msg, 0);

        if (ret <= 0)
            break;

        uint64_t now = mud_now(mud);

        mud_unmapv4((struct sockaddr *)&addr);

        int cmsg_level = IPPROTO_IP;
        int cmsg_type = IP_PKTINFO;

        if (addr.ss_family == AF_INET6) {
            cmsg_level = IPPROTO_IPV6;
            cmsg_type = IPV6_PKTINFO;
        }

        struct cmsghdr *cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);

        for (; cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&msg, cmsg)) {
            if ((cmsg->cmsg_level == cmsg_level) &&
                (cmsg->cmsg_type == cmsg_type))
                break;
        }

        if (!cmsg)
            continue;

        unsigned index = 0;

        if (cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IP) {
            memcpy(&index,
                   &((struct in_pktinfo *)CMSG_DATA(cmsg))->ipi_ifindex,
                   sizeof(index));
        } else {
            memcpy(&index,
                   &((struct in6_pktinfo *)CMSG_DATA(cmsg))->ipi6_ifindex,
                   sizeof(index));
        }

        struct path *path = mud_get_path(mud, index, (struct sockaddr *)&addr);

        if (path) {
            struct msghdr send_msg = {
                .msg_control = path->ctrl.data,
                .msg_controllen = path->ctrl.size,
            };

            struct cmsghdr *send_cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&send_msg);

            if (cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IP) {
                memcpy(&((struct in_pktinfo *)CMSG_DATA(send_cmsg))->ipi_spec_dst,
                       &((struct in_pktinfo *)CMSG_DATA(cmsg))->ipi_addr,
                       sizeof(struct in_addr));
            } else {
                memcpy(&((struct in6_pktinfo *)CMSG_DATA(send_cmsg))->ipi6_addr,
                       &((struct in6_pktinfo *)CMSG_DATA(cmsg))->ipi6_addr,
                       sizeof(struct in6_addr));
            }
        } else {
            unsigned char tmp[sizeof(packet->data)];

            if (mud_decrypt(mud, NULL, tmp, sizeof(tmp),
                            packet->data, (size_t)ret, 4) == -1)
                continue;

            path = mud_new_path(mud, index, (struct sockaddr *)&addr);

            if (!path)
                return -1;
        }

        path->up = 1;

        uint64_t send_time = mud_read48(packet->data);
        int64_t dt = (now-path->recv.time)-(send_time-path->recv.send_time);

        if (path->recv.time && path->recv.send_time && (dt > 0))
            path->rdt = (path->rdt*UINT64_C(7)+dt)/UINT64_C(8);

        path->recv.send_time = send_time;
        path->recv.time = now;

        if (!send_time) {
            uint64_t send_time = mud_read48(&packet->data[6*1]);
            uint64_t recv_time = mud_read48(&packet->data[6*2]);
            uint64_t dt = mud_read48(&packet->data[6*3]);

            path->dt = dt;
            path->sdt = recv_time-send_time;
            path->rtt = now-send_time;
            continue;
        }

        if (!path->pong_time ||
            (now-path->pong_time > UINT64_C(100000))) {
            unsigned char tmp[256];
            unsigned char pong[6*3];

            memcpy(pong, packet->data, 6);
            mud_write48(&pong[6*1], now);
            mud_write48(&pong[6*2], path->rdt);

            int ret = mud_encrypt(mud, 0, tmp, sizeof(tmp),
                                  pong, sizeof(pong), sizeof(pong));

            if (ret > 0) {
                mud_send_path(mud, path, now, tmp, (size_t)ret);
                path->pong_time = now;
            }
        }

        if (ret <= 6+crypto_aead_aes256gcm_ABYTES)
            continue;

        packet->size = ret;
        mud->rx.end = next;
    }

    return 0;
}

int mud_recv (struct mud *mud, void *data, size_t size)
{
    if (mud->rx.start == mud->rx.end) {
        errno = EAGAIN;
        return -1;
    }

    struct packet *packet = &mud->rx.packet[mud->rx.start];

    int ret = mud_decrypt(mud, NULL, data, size,
                          packet->data, packet->size, 4);

    mud->rx.start = MUD_PACKET_NEXT(mud->rx.start);

    if (ret == -1) {
        errno = EINVAL;
        return -1;
    }

    return ret;
}

int mud_push (struct mud *mud)
{
    struct path *path;

    for (path = mud->path; path; path = path->next) {
        uint64_t now = mud_now(mud);

        if ((path->send.time > path->recv.time) &&
            (path->send.time-path->recv.time > UINT64_C(200000)))
            path->up = 0;

        if (path->send.time &&
            (now-path->send.time < UINT64_C(1000000)))
            continue;

        unsigned char ping[32];

        int ret = mud_encrypt(mud, now, ping, sizeof(ping), NULL, 0, 0);

        if (ret > 0)
            mud_send_path(mud, path, now, ping, (size_t)ret);
    }

    while (mud->tx.start != mud->tx.end) {
        uint64_t now = mud_now(mud);

        struct packet *packet = &mud->tx.packet[mud->tx.start];

        struct path *path_min = NULL;
        int64_t limit_min = INT64_MAX;

        for (path = mud->path; path; path = path->next) {
            if (!path->up)
                continue;

            int64_t limit = path->limit;
            uint64_t elapsed = now-path->send.time;

            if (limit > elapsed) {
                limit += path->rtt/2-elapsed;
            } else {
                limit = path->rtt/2;
            }

            if (limit_min > limit) {
                limit_min = limit;
                path_min = path;
            }
        }

        if (!path_min)
            break;

        ssize_t ret = mud_send_path(mud, path_min, now, packet->data, packet->size);

        mud->tx.start = MUD_PACKET_NEXT(mud->tx.start);

        if (ret != packet->size)
            break;

        path_min->limit = limit_min;
    }

    return 0;
}

int mud_send (struct mud *mud, const void *data, size_t size)
{
    if (!size)
        return 0;

    unsigned next = MUD_PACKET_NEXT(mud->tx.end);

    if (mud->tx.start == next) {
        errno = ENOBUFS;
        return -1;
    }

    struct packet *packet = &mud->tx.packet[mud->tx.end];

    int ret = mud_encrypt(mud, mud_now(mud),
                          packet->data, sizeof(packet->data),
                          data, size, 4);

    if (!ret) {
        errno = EMSGSIZE;
        return -1;
    }

    packet->size = ret;
    mud->tx.end = next;

    return size;
}